The hallmarks of cancer described by Hanahan and Weinberg have proved seminal in our
understanding of cancer's common traits and in rational drug design. Not free of critique and …

Here we ask: What is productive signaling? How to define it, how to measure it, and most of
all, what are the parameters that determine it? Further, what determines the strength of …

Simple Summary Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (palbociclib (Ibrance), ribociclib
(Kisqali), and abemaciclib (Verzenio)), targeting aberrant cell-cycle activity have been …

Signal transduction pathways play key roles in the initiation, progression and dissemination
of cancer. Thus, signaling molecules are attractive targets for cancer therapeutics and …

MicroRNAs, small non-coding RNA molecules, have gained a reputation of the most
substantial regulators in gene network with the ability to down-regulate their targets …

Background Vast amounts of rapidly accumulating biological data related to cancer and a
remarkable progress in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) have paved the way for precision …

Background Evidence indicates that homeopathic medicines are complex self-organizing
nano-scale systems that generate unique low-intensity electromagnetic signals and/or …

Computational biology has made powerful advances. Among these, trends in human health
have been uncovered through heterogeneous 'big data'integration, and disease-associated …

Ras proteins, as small GTPases, mediate cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. Ras
mutations have been associated with a broad spectrum of human cancers and thus targeting …

Background The concepts of complex systems science enhance the understanding of how
people develop and recover from disease. Living systems (human beings, animals, and …