Over the last decade, significant progress has been achieved in defining mechanisms
underlying NLR regulation of immune system function. However, several NLR family …

NLRX1 is a member of the NOD‐like receptor family, a set of pattern recognition receptors
associated with innate immunity. Interestingly, NLRX1 exists in somewhat of an exile from its …

Hypoxia–ischemia (HI) is a major cause of brain damage in neonates. Mitochondrial
dysfunction acts as a hub for a broad spectrum of signaling events, culminating in cell death …

Cells utilize a diverse repertoire of cell surface and intracellular receptors to detect
exogenous or endogenous danger signals and even the changes of their microenvironment …

Nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) initially appeared
in the public view as a cytoplasmic pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) that plays an …

Background Acute inflammation induced by reactive astrocytes after cerebral
ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is important for protecting the resultant lesion. Our previous …

Uptake of glutamate from the extracellular space and glutamate release to neurons are two
major processes conducted by astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) that protect …

Regulatory Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are a subgroup of the cytosolic NLR family of
pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). These receptors can tune the innate immune …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of articular cartilage involving the entire joint
tissue. Columbianetin (CBT) is a major active compound of radix angelicae pubescentis …

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) is an important subtype of
temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Articular cartilage destruction is considered a common …