Nowadays, the accumulation of toxic heavy metals in soil and water streams is considered a
serious environmental problem that causes various harmful effects on plants and animals …

Highlights•The need for enhancing bioremediation of soils polluted with heavy metals is
revealed.•The role of PGPR phytoremediation is beneficial for plant tolerance and soil …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) originate as a natural byproduct in standard metabolism of
oxygen activities. The principal sites of ROS generation in the cell are apoplast …

Environmental pollution due to heavy metals is a growing concern worldwide. Human
activities such as industrial discharge, mining, smelting, hazardous solid waste disposal, etc …

Heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cd, Zn, Hg and arsenic are for long being
accumulated in soils through industrial waste and sewage disposal. Although some of these …

Heavy metal pollution in soil is a global problem with serious impacts on human health and
ecological security. Phytoextraction in phytoremediation, in which plants uptake and …

Heavy metal (HM) contamination of water bodies is a serious global environmental problem.
Because they are not biodegradable, they can accumulate in food chains, causing various …

Uranium (U), a highly toxic radionuclide, is becoming a great threat to soil health
development, as returning nuclear waste containing U into the soil systems is increased …

Rapid industrialisation, increased rate of waste production, higher agricultural inputs,
mining, industrial waste, and contaminated irrigation water are increasing the heavy metal …

Several recent studies have shown that citric acid/citrate (CA) can confer abiotic stress
tolerance to plants. Exogenous CA application leads to improved growth and yield in crop …