This paper is the thirty-ninth consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2016 …

Drugs targeting the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) remain the most efficacious analgesics for the
treatment of pain, but activation of MOR with current opioid analgesics also produces …

Strong opioid analgesics, including morphine, are the mainstays for treating moderate to
severe acute pain and alleviating chronic cancer pain. However, opioid-related adverse …

This paper is the thirty-eighth consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2015 …

Background and Purpose Considerable effort has recently been directed at developing
multifunctional opioid drugs to minimize the unwanted side effects of opioid analgesics. We …

For decades the opioid receptors have been an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment
of pain. Since the first discovery of enkephalin, approximately a dozen endogenous opioid …

The opioid receptor system plays a major role in the regulation of mood, reward, and pain.
The opioid receptors therefore make attractive targets for the treatment of many different …

The cyclic peptide c [d-Lys2, Asp5]-DN-9 has recently been identified as a multifunctional
opioid/neuropeptide FF receptor agonist, displaying potent analgesic activity with reduced …

Endomorphins (EMs) are potent pharmaceuticals for the treatment of pain. Herein, we
investigated several novel EM analogues with multiple modifications and oligoarginine …

Herein we present the expedient synthesis of endomorphin-1 analogues containing
stereoisomeric β2-homo-Freidinger lactam-like scaffolds ([Amo2] EM), and we discuss …