The immunoproteasome is a specialized form of proteasome equipped with modified
catalytic subunits that was initially discovered to play a pivotal role in MHC class I antigen …

Proteasomes are the central proteolytic machines that are critical for breaking down most of
the damaged and abnormal proteins in human cells. Although universally applicable drugs …

The retina is a part of the brain that sits at the back of the eye, looking out onto the world. The
first neurons of the retina are the rod and cone photoreceptors, which convert changes in …

Photoreceptor apoptosis is an important pathogenesis of retinal degeneration and a primary
cause of vision loss with limited treatment methods. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells …

Chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is the underlying cause of many degenerative
diseases, including autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). In adRP, mutant …

The treatment of primary central nervous system tumors is challenging due to the blood–
brain barrier and complex mutational profiles, which is associated with low survival rates …

Most patients with inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) have been waiting for treatments
that are “just around the corner” for decades, with only a handful of seminal breakthroughs …

In contrast to mammals, zebrafish can regenerate their damaged photoreceptors. This
capacity depends on the intrinsic plasticity of Müller glia (MG). Here, we identified that the …

Activated microglia have been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular
degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, and other neurodegenerative and …

Purpose: Early and intermediate non-neovascular AMD (NN-AMD) has the potential to
progress to either advanced NN-AMD with geographic atrophy, or to neovascular AMD (N …