Brain development is an extraordinarily complex process achieved through the spatially and
temporally regulated release of key patterning factors. In vitro neurodevelopmental models …

Detecting the direction of image motion is a fundamental component of visual computation,
essential for survival of the animal. However, at the level of individual photoreceptors, the …

Flexible behaviors over long timescales are thought to engage recurrent neural networks in
deep brain regions, which are experimentally challenging to study. In insects, recurrent …

Abstract Knowledge of connectivity in the nervous system is essential to understanding its
function. Here we describe connectomes for both adult sexes of the nematode …

Connections between neurons can be mapped by acquiring and analyzing electron
microscopic (EM) brain images. In recent years, this approach has been applied to chunks of …

Nonlinear, multiplication-like operations carried out by individual nerve cells greatly
enhance the computational power of a neural system,–, but our understanding of their …

Drosophila melanogaster has a rich repertoire of innate and learned behaviors. Its 100,000-
neuron brain is a large but tractable target for comprehensive neural circuit mapping. Only …

To understand the brain, molecular details need to be overlaid onto neural wiring diagrams
so that synaptic mode, neuromodulation and critical signaling operations can be considered …

The anatomy of many neural circuits is being characterized with increasing resolution, but
their molecular properties remain mostly unknown. Here, we characterize gene expression …

The detection of visual motion enables sophisticated animal navigation, and studies on flies
have provided profound insights into the cellular and circuit bases of this neural …