Nearly all cardiovascular diseases show sexual dimorphisms in prevalence, presentation,
and outcomes. Until recently, most clinical trials were carried out in males, and many animal …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex disease of multifactorial origin. While
registries have demonstrated that women are more susceptible to the disease, females with …

Rationale: Genetic studies suggest that SOX17 (SRY-related HMG-box 17) deficiency
increases pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) risk. Objectives: On the basis of …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) includes multiple diseases that share as common
characteristic an elevated pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular involvement. Sex …

There are inherent distinctions in right ventricular (RV) performance based on sex as
females have better RV function than males. These differences are magnified and have very …

Heart failure (HF) is a significant public health problem worldwide. It has long been noted
that premenopausal women, compared to postmenopausal women and men, have lower …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) affects more women than men, although affected
females tend to survive longer than affected males. This sex disparity in PAH is postulated to …

Fibroblasts intricately organize and regulate the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cardiac health
and disease. Excess deposition of ECM proteins causes fibrosis, resulting in disrupted …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an enigmatic and deadly vascular disease with no
known cure. Recent years have seen rapid advances in our understanding of the molecular …

Sex is increasingly emerging as determinant of right ventricular (RV) adaptation to abnormal
loading conditions. It is unknown, however, whether sex-related differences already occur in …