Dawn O. Kleindorfer, MD, FAHA, Chair; Amytis Towfighi, MD, FAHA, Vice Chair; Seemant
Chaturvedi, MD, FAHA; Kevin M. Cockroft, MD, MSc, FAHA; Jose Gutierrez, MD, MPH; …

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Background and Purpose—The purpose of these guidelines is to provide an up-to-date
comprehensive set of recommendations in a single document for clinicians caring for adult …

Importance Patent foramen ovale (PFO)–associated strokes comprise approximately 10% of
ischemic strokes in adults aged 18 to 60 years. While device closure decreases stroke …

Stroke is a leading cause of permanent disability. Therefore, primary prevention of first
stroke and secondary prevention of recurrent stroke are a high priority. Primary prevention of …

Background Trials of patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure to prevent recurrent stroke have
been inconclusive. We investigated whether patients with cryptogenic stroke and …

Background The efficacy of closure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) in the prevention of
recurrent stroke after cryptogenic stroke is uncertain. We investigated the effect of PFO …

Background Whether closure of a patent foramen ovale reduces the risk of recurrence of
ischemic stroke in patients who have had a cryptogenic ischemic stroke is unknown …

Background: Recent reports showing the favorable role of patent foramen ovale (PFO)
closure in patients with cryptogenic stroke have raised the issue of selecting optimal …

The presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number
of medical conditions; however, the subject remains controversial and no official statements …