Fecal microbial community changes are associated with numerous disease states, including
cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, such data are merely associative. A causal …

Non-alcohol-associated fatty liver/steatohepatitis (NAFL/NASH) has become the leading
cause of liver disease worldwide. NASH, an advanced form of NAFL, can be progressive …

Cholesterol gallstone disease is a worldwide common disease. Cholesterol supersaturation
in gallbladder bile is the prerequisite for its pathogenesis, while the mechanism is not …

Human gut microbiome is a promising target for managing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Measures
altering gut microbiota like oral intake of probiotics or berberine (BBR), a bacteriostatic …

Microbial genes encode the majority of the functional repertoire of life on earth. However,
despite increasing efforts in metagenomic sequencing of various habitats,–, little is known …

Methods capable of maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis to prevent bacterial
translocation and infection under external threats are critical for multiple facets of human …

The anti-hyperglycemic effect of metformin is believed to be caused by its direct action on
signaling processes in hepatocytes, leading to lower hepatic gluconeogenesis. Recently …

Bile acid biotransformation is a collaborative effort by the host and the gut microbiome. Host
hepatocytes synthesize primary bile acids from cholesterol. Once these host-derived primary …

Aging is accompanied by physiological changes affecting body composition and
functionality, including accumulation of fat mass at the expense of muscle mass, with effects …

Gut microbes are linked to host metabolism, but specific mechanisms remain to be
uncovered. Ceramides, a type of sphingolipid (SL), have been implicated in the …