The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated.
However, the past 15 yr have seen the emergence of the microbiota (the trillions of …

Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in which gastrointestinal
symptoms may appear prior to motor symptoms. The gut microbiota of patients with …

The gut microbiome acts as an integral part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that has the
largest and vulnerable surface with desirable features to observe foods, nutrients, and …

The role of peripheral physiology in the experience of emotion has been debated since the
19th century following the seminal proposal by William James that somatic responses to …

The autonomic nervous system (ANS), comprised of two primary branches, sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system, plays an essential role in the regulation of vascular wall …

The incidence and prevalence of hypertension is increasing worldwide, with approximately
1.13 billion of people currently affected by the disease, often in association with other …

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are pentameric ion channels that mediate fast chemical
neurotransmission. The α3β4 nicotinic receptor subtype forms the principal relay between …

The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional information interaction system between the central
nervous system (CNS) and the gastrointestinal tract, in which gut microbiota plays a key role …

Anxiety is recognized as a major health issue and is quite prevalent among older adults. An
efficient way to manage anxiety is abdominal breathing. Breathing exercises seem to reduce …

Gut microbiota play an important role in maintaining intestinal health and are involved in the
metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids. Recent studies have shown that the …