The pulmonary circulation is a low-resistance, low-pressure, and high-compliance system
that allows the lungs to receive the entire cardiac output. Pulmonary arterial pressure is a …

Cardiovascular disease is a group of diseases with high mortality in clinic, including
hypertension, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart valve disease, heart failure, to …

Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
portends a poor prognosis. IL-11 has been implicated in fibrotic diseases, but their role on …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive, pulmonary vascular disease with high
morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of PH is complex and remains …

Concentric pulmonary vascular wall thickening due partially to increased pulmonary artery
(PA) smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation contributes to elevating pulmonary vascular …

IL-11 is linked to fibrotic diseases, but its role in pulmonary hypertension is unclear. We
examined IL-11's involvement in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH). Using …

Introduction Current targeted pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) therapies have
improved lung hemodynamics, cardiac function, and quality of life; however, none of these …

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that
regulates multiple processes, including gene transcription, protein synthesis, ribosome …

Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare but fatal cardiopulmonary
disease mainly characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling. Aberrant expression of …

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a life-threatening cardiopulmonary
disease lacking specific diagnostic markers and targeted therapy, and its mechanism of …