Pain is a multidimensional experience with sensory-discriminative, affective-motivational,
and cognitive-evaluative components. Pain aversiveness is one principal cause of suffering …

The serotonergic system extends throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In the CNS, serotonin (5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine) modulates a …

Active research at the frontiers of immunology and neuroscience has identified multiple
points of interaction and communication between the immune system and the nervous …

The nervous system regulates immunity and inflammation. The molecular detection of
pathogen fragments, cytokines, and other immune molecules by sensory neurons generates …

Preclinical studies coupled with clinical pharmacologic and neuroimaging investigations
have advanced our understanding of brain circuits that modulate pain. Descending pain …

Pain thresholds are, in part, set as a function of emotional and internal states by descending
modulation of nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord. Neurons of the rostral …

Specialized peripheral sensory neurons known as nociceptors alert us to potentially
damaging stimuli at the skin by detecting extremes in temperature and pressure and injury …

This Perspective reviews recent findings in placebo hypoalgesia and provides a conceptual
account of how expectations and experience can lead to placebo hypoalgesia. In particular …

This article reviews the anatomical connections of the paraventricular nucleus of the
thalamus (PVT) and discusses some of the connections by which the PVT could influence …

Neurons in the spinal dorsal horn process sensory information, which is then transmitted to
several brain regions, including those responsible for pain perception. The dorsal horn …