It is now well established that cardiovascular disease contributes significantly to both
morbidity and mortality in COPD. Shared risk factors for cardiovascular disease and COPD …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is highly prevalent among patients with
atrial fibrillation (AF), shares common risk factors, and adds to the overall morbidity and …

Background: A study was undertaken to define the risk of death among a national cohort of
US adults both with and without lung disease. Methods: Participants in the first National …

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a modified Global Initiative on Obstructive Lung
Diseases (GOLD) classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) predicts …

The vagus nerve is the largest autonomic nerve, innervating nearly every organ in the
body.“Vagal tone” is a clinical measure believed to indicate overall levels of vagal activity …

The autonomic nervous system may be disturbed in chronic respiratory failure. We tested the
hypothesis that there is increased sympathetic activity in patients with chronic hypoxemia …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a severe, incurable, and costly condition leading to heart failure.
The link between PD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is not available, leading to …

COPD is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Treatment of COPD improves lung
function but is unlikely to slow the steady downhill course of the disease or reduce mortality …

Context: An important component of the effective management of chronic noncommunicable
disease is the assessment and management of psychosocial stress. The measurement and …

Cardiovascular disease represents a considerable burden in terms of both morbidity and
mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). For 20 years …