Originally a genetic model organism, the experimental use of Drosophila melanogaster has
grown to include quantitative behavioral analyses, sophisticated perturbations of neuronal …

Understanding how activity patterns in specific neural circuits coordinate an animal's
behavior remains a key area of neuroscience research. Genetic tools and a brain of …

The neural circuits responsible for animal behavior remain largely unknown. We summarize
new methods and present the circuitry of a large fraction of the brain of the fruit fly …

Many behavioural tasks require the manipulation of mathematical vectors, but, outside of
computational models,,,,,–, it is not known how brains perform vector operations. Here we …

Flexible behaviors over long timescales are thought to engage recurrent neural networks in
deep brain regions, which are experimentally challenging to study. In insects, recurrent …

Making inferences about the computations performed by neuronal circuits from synapse-
level connectivity maps is an emerging opportunity in neuroscience. The mushroom body …

Deciphering how neuronal diversity is established and maintained requires a detailed
knowledge of neuronal gene expression throughout development. In contrast to mammalian …

Connections between neurons can be mapped by acquiring and analyzing electron
microscopic (EM) brain images. In recent years, this approach has been applied to chunks of …

In most animals, the brain controls the body via a set of descending neurons (DNs) that
traverse the neck. DN activity activates, maintains or modulates locomotion and other …

Long-lasting internal arousal states motivate and pattern ongoing behaviour, enabling the
temporary emergence of innate behavioural programs that serve the needs of an animal …