Immune checkpoints are small molecules expressed by immune cells that play critical roles
in maintaining immune homeostasis. Targeting the immune checkpoints cytotoxic T …

Simple Summary In the fight against cancer, immunotherapies have given great hope after
encouraging results in clinical investigations showing complete remission in some patients …

Cancer is a complex disease whose outcome depends largely on the cross-talk between the
tumor and its microenvironment. Here, we review the evolution of the field of tumor …

Because of tumor heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, most
cancer vaccines typically do not elicit robust antitumor immunological responses in clinical …

Molecular and Biochemical Aspects of the PD-1 Checkpoint Pathway | New England Journal of
Medicine Skip to main content The New England Journal of Medicine homepage Advanced …

Insulin-dependent diabetes may occur in patients with cancers who are treated with
checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs). We reviewed cases occurring over a 6-year period at two …

With recent approvals for multiple therapeutic antibodies that block cytotoxic T lymphocyte
associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) in melanoma …

Co-inhibitory receptors, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, have an important role in regulating T
cell responses and have proven to be effective targets in the setting of chronic diseases …

Simple Summary The tumor immune escape mechanisms are key factors in cancer
progression and metastasis. They are an undeniable hurdle for successful cancer treatment …

Importance If not promptly recognized, endocrine dysfunction can be life threatening. The
incidence and risk of developing such adverse events (AEs) following the use of immune …