abstract Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by local
inflammation of the upper airways and sinuses which persists for at least 12 weeks. CRS …

Antigen receptors on the surface of B lymphocytes trigger adaptive immune responses after
encountering their cognate antigens but also control a series of antigen-independent …

Background The chemokines and cytokines CXCL13, CXCL12, CCL19, CCL21, BAFF and
APRIL are believed to play a role in the recruitment of B cells to the central nervous system …

It has become increasingly clear that airway epithelial cells are central participants in innate
and adaptive immune responses as well as mucosal inflammation. Epithelial cells produce …

Objective To understand the effects of long‐term BLyS inhibition in human systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE). Methods Seventeen patients with SLE who were enrolled in a clinical …

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors 2 and 3 (TRAF2 and TRAF3) were shown
to function in a cooperative and nonredundant manner to suppress nuclear factor-κB2 (NF …

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common clinically significant
primary immune defect. Although the hallmark of CVID is hypogammaglobulinemia, the …

BAFF (B lymphocyte activating factor of the tumour necrosis factor family) is a vital
homeostatic cytokine for B cells that helps regulate both innate and adaptive immune …

The expression and production of cytokines by cells of the innate immune system, including
monocytes/macrophages, dendritic and NK cells, play a critical role not only in defensive …

Objective To assess the efficacy, safety, and biologic activity of atacicept in tumor necrosis
factor antagonist–naive patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in whom the response to …