The hepatitis B and C viruses persist by evasion of T cell immunity. Persistence depends
upon premature failure of CD4+ T cell help and loss of CD8+ T cell control because of …

Introduction The hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and
mortality worldwide. In developing countries, HBV is the most common etiology of those liver …

Background A functional cure for chronic HBV could be achieved by boosting HBV-specific
immunity. In vitro studies show that immunotherapy could be an effective strategy. However …

A predictive biomarker of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based treatments in
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been clearly demonstrated. In this study, we …

HBsAg seroclearance, the ideal aim of anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) treatment, cannot be
achieved easily. Anemia is another common issue for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients …

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been recently shown to be a major obstacle to
antiviral immunity by binding to its receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1) on specific IFN-γ …

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection is a global public health threat affecting
approximately 257 million individuals worldwide. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss …

High antigen burden during chronic hepatitis B (CHB) results in a low frequency HBV-
specific T cell response with restricted functionality. However, this observation is based on …

Woodchuck (Marmota monax) infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) is the most
pathogenically compatible naturally occurring model of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) …

Background The clinical routine test of HBV-specific T cell reactivity is still limited due to the
high polymorphisms of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in patient cohort and the lack of …