Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease resulting in the hardening and thickening of the
wall of arteries and the formation of plaques, which comprise immune cells, mesenchymal …

The hallmarks of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) are the significant changes that occur
in the organization, composition, and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix …

The biomechanical factors that result from the haemodynamic load on the cardiovascular
system are a common denominator of several vascular pathologies. Thickening and …

The aortic valve regulates unidirectional flow of oxygenated blood to the myocardium and
arterial system. The natural anatomical geometry and microstructural complexity ensures …

Carcinoid heart disease was one of the first valvular pathologies studied in molecular detail,
and early research identified serotonin produced by oncogenic enterochromaffin cells as the …

Heart valves are dynamic structures that, in the average human, open and close over
100,000 times per day, and 3× 109 times per lifetime to maintain unidirectional blood flow …

Cardiac valves function in a mechanically complex environment, opening and closing close
to a billion times during the average human lifetime, experiencing transvalvular pressures …

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and
mortality and, given its association with age, the prevalence of CAVD is expected to continue …

Endothelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) is a critical event for the embryonic
morphogenesis of cardiac valves. Inducers of EMT during valvulogenesis include VEGF …

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common heart valve disorder. There is no
medical treatment to prevent and/or promote the regression of CAVD. Hence, it is of foremost …