The cytoplasm of bacterial cells is a highly crowded cellular compartment that possesses
considerable osmotic potential. As a result, and owing to the semipermeable nature of the …

The second messenger molecule cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is formed by many bacteria and
archaea. In many species that produce c-di-AMP, this second messenger is essential for …

Abstract The Clusters of Orthologous Genes (COG) database, also referred to as the
Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins, was created in 1997 and went through several …

ABSTRACT Cyclic dimeric adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is an emerging
second messenger in bacteria and archaea that is synthesized from two molecules of ATP …

Cyclic diadenylate (c-di-AMP) is a widespread second messenger in bacteria and archaea
that is involved in the maintenance of osmotic pressure, response to DNA damage, and …

To colonize the host and cause disease, the human enteropathogen Clostridioides difficile
must sense, respond, and adapt to the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract. We …

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major human pathogen and rising resistance to β-lactam
antibiotics, such as penicillin, is a significant threat to global public health. Mutations …

The signaling nucleotide cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is the only known essential second
messenger in bacteria. Recently, c-di-AMP has been identified as being essential for …

Borrelia (Borreliella) burgdorferi, along with closely related species, is the etiologic agent of
Lyme disease. The spirochete subsists in an enzootic cycle that encompasses acquisition …

Cyclic dimeric AMP (c-di-AMP) is a widespread second messenger that controls such key
functions as osmotic homeostasis, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and response to various …