The idea that memory is not a single mental faculty has a long and interesting history but
became a topic of experimental and biologic inquiry only in the mid-20th century. It is now …

▪ Abstract Learning the relationships between aversive events and the environmental stimuli
that predict such events is essential to the survival of organisms throughout the animal …

Memory. There may be nothing more important to human beings than our ability to enshrine
experience and recall it. While philosophers and poets have elevated memory to an almost …

▪ Abstract Correlated spiking of pre-and postsynaptic neurons can result in strengthening or
weakening of synapses, depending on the temporal order of spiking. Recent findings …

† Veterans Affairs Medical Center memory, attention, perception, and voluntary action. The
development of simple experimental methods for San Diego, California 92161 and …

Consolidated memories can re-enter states of transient instability following reactivation, from
which they must again stabilize in order to persist, contradicting the previously dominant …

This book reviews how people and animals learn and how their behaviors are later changed
as a result of this learning. Nearly all of our behaviors are influenced by prior learning …

The classical notion that the cerebellum and the basal ganglia are dedicated to motor
control is under dispute given increasing evidence of their involvement in non-motor …

Cerebellar granule cells, which constitute half the brain's neurons, supply Purkinje cells with
contextual information necessary for motor learning, but how they encode this information is …

We have used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to characterize
neural responses associated with emotional learning. Employing a classical conditioning …