Ever since Akkermansia muciniphila was discovered and characterized two decades ago,
numerous studies have shown that the lack or decreased abundance of this commensal …

Akkermansia muciniphila is a Gram-negative anaerobic mucus-layer-degrading bacterium
that colonizes the intestinal mucosa of humans and rodents. Metagenomic data have shown …

The gut microbiota, which includes Akkermansia muciniphila, is known to modulate energy
metabolism, glucose tolerance, immune system maturation and function in humans …

Urine is commonly used for clinical diagnosis and biomedical research. The discovery of
extracellular vesicles (EV) in urine opened a new fast‐growing scientific field. In the last …

Secretion of cellular components across the plasma membrane is an essential process that
enables organisms to interact with their environments. Production of extracellular vesicles in …

The intestine is fundamental in controlling human health. Intestinal epithelial and immune
cells are continuously exposed to millions of microbes that greatly impact on intestinal …

Background & Aims Altering the intestinal microbiota has been proposed as a treatment for
inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), but there are no established associations between …

Environmental pollution caused by plastics has become a public health problem. However,
the effect of microplastics on gut microbiota, inflammation development and their underlying …

Postbiotics are functional bioactive compounds, generated in a matrix during fermentation,
which may be used to promote health. The term postbiotics can be regarded as an umbrella …

The gastrointestinal tract is a specialized organ in which dynamic interactions between host
cells and the complex environment occur in addition to food digestion. Together with the …