Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling has a paradoxical role in cancer
progression, and it acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stages but a tumor promoter in …

While oxygen is critical to the continued existence of complex organisms, extreme levels of
oxygen within a system, known as hypoxia (low levels of oxygen) and hyperoxia (excessive …

Oxidative stress is a key cause of ischemic stroke and an initiator of neuronal dysfunction
and death, mainly through the overproduction of peroxides and the depletion of antioxidants …

Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is the master oxygen sensor within cells and is central to the
regulation of cell responses to varying oxygen levels. HIF activation during hypoxia ensures …

Abstract Background: Oxygen (O2) homeostasis is an indispensable requirement of
eukaryotes. O2 concentration in cellular milieu is defined as normoxia (∼ 21% O2) …

Ferroptosis is mechanism for non-apoptotic, iron-dependent, oxidative cell death that is
characterized by glutathione consumption and lipid peroxides accumulation. Ferroptosis is …

Summary Beta amyloid (Aβ)‐42 peptide and phosphorylated tau protein have been
demonstrated as the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A gradual decline …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) regulate the transcription of genes that mediate the
response to hypoxia. HIFs are constantly expressed and degraded under normoxia, but …

Chemical strategies to using small molecules to stimulate hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs)
activity and trigger a hypoxic response under normoxic conditions, such as iron chelators …

Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors stabilize levels of hypoxia-inducible
factor that upregulate transcription of multiple genes associated with the response to …