Microbial populations can adapt to adverse environmental conditions either by appropriately
sensing and responding to the changes in their surroundings or by stochastically switching …

Viruses are differentiated from other mobile genetic elements by the encapsidation of their
genomes during some stage of their life cycles. It is during their infection of bacteria that …

Inside individual cells, protein population counts are subject to molecular noise due to low
copy numbers and the inherent probabilistic nature of biochemical processes. We …

Balanced biosynthesis is the hallmark of bacterial cell physiology, where the concentrations
of stable proteins remain steady. However, this poses a conceptual challenge to modeling …

Stochastic protein accumulation up to some concentration threshold sets the timing of many
cellular physiological processes. Here we obtain the exact distribution of first threshold …

Highlights•E. coli infection by bacteriophage lambda is a paradigm for cellular
individuality.•Early studies attributed cell–cell differences to random biochemical …

Under ideal conditions, Escherichia coli cells divide after adding a fixed cell size, a strategy
known as the adder. This concept applies to various microbes and is often explained as the …

Genetically identical plants growing in the same conditions can display heterogeneous
phenotypes. Here we use Arabidopsis seed germination time as a model system to examine …

Son of Sevenless (SOS) is a Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that plays a
central role in numerous cellular signaling pathways. Like many other signaling molecules …

The linear framework uses finite, directed graphs with labelled edges to model biomolecular
systems. Graph vertices represent chemical species or molecular states, edges represent …