High-mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) is a member of a highly conserved high-mobility
group protein present in all cell types. HMGB1 plays multiple roles both inside and outside …

Abstract Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a relatively newer class of
anti-hyperglycemic medications that reduce blood glucose by inhibition of renal glucose re …

Background Sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLT) inhibitors (SGLT2i) showed many
beneficial effects at the cardiovascular level. Several mechanisms of action have been …

Recent data have indicated the emerging role of glomerular autophagy in diabetic kidney
disease. We aimed to assess the effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin, the DPP4 …

Abstract Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are the latest class of
antidiabetic medications. They prevent glucose reabsorption in the proximal convoluted …

Aim Metformin and empagliflozin combined therapy may have complementary effects that go
beyond the well-recognized targets of their monotherapy through AMPK activation …

Systemic inflammation and oxidative burden in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
causes deleterious cardiovascular outcomes. We sought to investigate the clinical …

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, also known as gliflozins, were developed as a
novel class of anti-diabetic agents that promote glycosuria through the prevention of glucose …

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, including empagliflozin, are routinely
used as antidiabetic drugs. Recent studies indicate that beside its beneficial effects on blood …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus. The
combination of insulin (Ins) with liraglutide (Lir) has a greater potential for preventing DN …