Additive manufacturing has attracted keen interest in the medical field in recent decades,
especially for bone regeneration. Many additive manufacturing processes have been used …

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease, influenced by genetic and
environmental factors, that increases bone fragility and fracture risk and, therefore, has a …

Bone is a dynamic tissue constantly responding to environmental changes such as
nutritional and mechanical stress. Bone homeostasis in adult life is maintained through bone …

Bone homeostasis depends on the resorption of bones by osteoclasts and formation of
bones by the osteoblasts. Imbalance of this tightly coupled process can cause diseases …

Bone tissue is continuously remodeled through the concerted actions of bone cells, which
include bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts, whereas …

A coordinated interaction between osteogenesis and osteoimmune microenvironment is
essential for successful bone healing. In particular, macrophages play a central regulatory …

Osteoblasts, the cells that build up our skeleton, are remarkably versatile and important cells
that need tight regulation in all the phases of their differentiation to guarantee proper skeletal …

The success of bone substitutes used to repair bone defects such as critical sized defects
depends on the architecture of the porous biomaterial. The architectural parameters and …

Osteal macrophages (OsteoMacs) are a special subtype of macrophage residing in bony
tissues. Interesting findings from basic research have pointed to their vast and substantial …

The skeleton provides mechanical support for stature and locomotion, protects vital organs,
and controls mineral homeostasis. A healthy skeleton must be maintained by constant bone …