Chemotherapy has been widely applied in clinics. However, the therapeutic potential of
chemotherapy against cancer is seriously dissatisfactory due to the nonspecific drug …

Nucleotides are required for a wide variety of biological processes and are constantly
synthesized de novo in all cells. When cells proliferate, increased nucleotide synthesis is …

The linear-quadratic model is one of the key tools in radiation biology and physics. It
provides a simple relationship between cell survival and delivered dose:, and has been …

Mitochondria are indispensable for energy metabolism, apoptosis regulation, and cell
signaling. Mitochondria in malignant cells differ structurally and functionally from those in …

Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive
emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed …

Death is the inevitable fate of all living organisms, whether at the individual or cellular level.
For a long time, cell death was believed to be an undesirable but unavoidable final outcome …

The mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) has recently been identified as a key
RIP3 (receptor interacting protein 3) downstream component of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) …

Apoptosis and necrosis are the two major modes of cell death, the molecular mechanisms of
which have been extensively studied. Although initially thought to constitute mutually …

Mitochondria are intracellular organelles involved in energy production, cell metabolism and
cell signaling. They are essential not only in the process of ATP synthesis, lipid metabolism …

With the advent of next generation sequencing methods and progress in transcriptome
analysis, it became obvious that the human genome contains much more than just protein …