Historically, emerging viruses appear constantly and have cost millions of human lives.
Currently, climate change and intense globalization have created favorable conditions for …

Combinatory antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduces human immunodeficiency virus type 1
(HIV-1) replication but is not curative because cART interruption almost invariably leads to a …

Antiretroviral therapy is highly effective in suppressing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
However, eradication of the virus in individuals with HIV has not been possible to date …

Clonal expansion of infected CD4+ T cells is a major mechanism of HIV-1 persistence and a
barrier to achieving a cure. Potential causes are homeostatic proliferation, effects of HIV-1 …

HIV-1 infection produces a long-lived reservoir of latently infected CD4+ T cells that
represents the major barrier to HIV-1 cure. The reservoir contains both intact and defective …

The persistence of latent reservoir of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is currently
the major challenge in curing HIV infection. After HIV infects the human body, the latent HIV …

Background HIV-1 proviruses persist in people on antiretroviral therapy (ART) but most are
defective and do not constitute a replication-competent reservoir. The decay of infected cells …

Conspectus Modified nucleosides show therapeutic promise for antiviral therapies.
However, issues including the emergence of drug resistance, toxicity, and coinfections have …

Control interventions steer the evolution of molecules, viruses, microorganisms or other cells
towards a desired outcome. Applications range from engineering biomolecules and …

Virus infection has been one of the main causes of human death since the ancient times.
Even though more and more antiviral drugs have been approved in clinic, long-term use can …