Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), one of the most common chronic diseases
and a leading cause of death, has historically been considered a disease of men. However …

Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) is one of the most prevalent health conditions, and
a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe. Once thought of primarily as a …

Background Osteoporosis is common in patients with COPD, but its prevalence and
progression are not well characterized. Concerns have been raised over the possible …

In this article, we focus on the scientific evidence from randomised trials supporting
treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

COPD is a highly debilitating disease that represents a substantial and growing health
burden in women. There is increasing evidence for sex-related differences in COPD risk …

Oral glucocorticoids (GCs) are frequently used in the treatment of inflammatory conditions,
such as rheumatoid arthritis or asthma. They have adverse skeletal effects, primarily through …

Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, is currently under investigation for therapy of
pulmonary hypertension. This study was designed to investigate chronic effects of sildenafil …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in women is an understudied subject but is gaining
attention as a significant public health threat. In developed countries, efforts at preventing …

OBJECTIVE. Systemic corticosteroids are known to induce osteoporosis and increase the
risk for fractures in adults and children. Inhaled corticosteroids have been shown to increase …

The purpose of this review is to provide the clinician with an update on the potential adverse
effects caused by the inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs). The systemic effects of ICSs are a result …