BACKGROUND Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) reduce levels of androgen,
especially testosterone (T), by inhibiting ovarian and adrenal androgen synthesis and by …

The newer progestogens desogestrel, norgestimate, gestodene, dienogest and nomegestrol
share the common property of having weak or no androgenic effects, but there is great …

In a double-blind, controlled, randomized, four-arm, bicentric clinical study, the effect of four
oral contraceptives (OCs) on various hormone parameters and serum-binding globulins was …

Introduction: The majority of young women use oral contraceptives (OCs). Use of OCs has
been associated with lower myofibrillar protein and tendon collagen synthesis rates, but it is …

Many different forms of hormonal contraception are used by millions of women worldwide.
These contraceptives differ in the dose and type of synthetic progestogenic compound …

The effect of a triphasic oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol and gestodene
(EE/GSD) on various serum hormonal parameters was compared with that of a monophasic …

This ninety-first volume of IARC Monographscontains evaluations of the carcinogenic
hazard to humans of combined estrogen-progestogen contraceptives and combined …

Previous studies with postmenopausal women receiving oral doses of norethisterone-
containing preparations have shown that a small fraction of the dose is converted …

Human sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) binds sex steroids with high affinity. In
plasma, the number of SHBG steroid-binding sites far exceeds the molar concentrations of …

In this chapter, the pharmacokinetics of exogenously administered natural estrogens will be
described. Natural estrogens considered here include: 17 f3-estradiol as the main-acting …