Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) occurs when the kidneys are unable to maintain normal acid−
base homeostasis because of tubular defects in acid excretion or bicarbonate ion …

Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder in children. It is generally defined as plasma
sodium of less than 135 mmol/l. Sodium homeostasis is essential for maintaining …

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients associated
with increased morbidity and mortality. On the other hand, inappropriate treatment of …

Background Rare mutations in NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex assembly factor
5 (NDUFAF5) are linked to Leigh syndrome. Objective We aimed to describe clinical …

In recent years, a more stable AVP surrogate, called copeptin, has been used as an
adjuvant diagnostic tool for dysnatremia in adults and appears to be promising even in the …

Objectives: Describe the pathophysiology of cerebral salt wasting syndrome. Review the
history of cerebral salt wasting syndrome. Summarize the evaluation of a patient with …

Background Water and electrolyte disorders commonly encountered in children post-surgery
involving hypothalamus and posterior pituitary, are central diabetes insipidus, syndrome of …

The clinical spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection associated disease
has changed significantly over the past decade, mainly due to the wide availability and …

Purpose Hyponatraemia is a common complication following transsphenoidal surgery.
However, there is sparse data on its optimal management and impact on clinical outcomes …

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in hospitals. Many medical illnesses,
including congestive heart failure, liver failure, renal failure and pneumonia, may be …