In the 21st century, urbanization represents a major demographic shift in developed and
developing countries. Rapid urbanization in the developing world has been associated with …

Air pollution is now fully acknowledged to be a public health problem and a social issue.
Particulate matter (PM) concentration has been linked with several clinical manifestations of …

Generation of oxidatively damaged DNA by particulate matter (PM) is hypothesized to occur
via production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation. We investigated this …

Chronic exposure to indoor biomass smoke from the combustion of solid organic fuels is a
major cause of disease burden worldwide. Almost 3 billion people use solid fuels such as …

In 2012, the WHO classified diesel emissions as carcinogenic, and its European branch
suggested creating a public health standard for airborne black carbon (BC). In 2011, EU …

Particulate matter (PM) emissions involve a complex mixture of solid and liquid particles
suspended in a gas, where it is noted that PM emissions from diesel engines are a major …

Global incidence rates for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have gradually risen over the
past 20 years. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 160 genetic …

Large population cohort studies have indicated an association between exposure to
particulate matter and cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. The inhalation of toxic …

Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests that exposure to particulate matter (PM) air
pollution increases the risk of cardiovascular events but the exact mechanism by which PM …

The health impacts of air pollution have received much attention and have recently been
subject to extensive study. Exposure to air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) has …