This is the first comprehensive review on methods and materials for use in optical sensing of
pH values and on applications of such sensors. The Review starts with an introduction that …

The microenvironment is indispensable for functionality of various biomacromolecules,
subcellular compartments, living cells, and organisms. In particular, physical properties …

Inflammation usually results in high‐level reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive
nitrogen species (RNS) not only in acidic tissue but also in alkaline tissue. However …

Organic fluorophores are indispensable tools in cells, tissue and in vivo imaging, and have
enabled much progress in the wide range of biological and biomedical fields. However …

Due to the risks that water contamination implies for human health and environmental
protection, monitoring the quality of water is a major concern of the present era. Therefore, in …

Potential of hydrogen (pH) is one of the most relevant parameters characterizing aqueous
solutions. In biology, pH is intrinsically linked to cellular life since all metabolic pathways are …

Transition metal ions were inextricably connected with medicine, life sciences, and
environmental science. Some metal ions such as mercury ions, copper ions and iron irons in …

Small-molecule fluorophores manifest the ability of chemistry to solve problems in biology.
As we noted in a previous review (Lavis, LD; Raines, RT ACS Chem. Biol. 2008, 3, 142 …

Rhodamine dyes are excellent scaffolds for developing a broad range of fluorescent probes.
A key property of rhodamines is their equilibrium between a colorless lactone and …

Intracellular pH (pHi) 1, 2 plays many critical roles in cell, enzyme, and tissue activities,
including proliferation and apoptosis, 3–8 multidrug resistance (MDR), 9 ion transport, 10 …