Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health crisis that poses a great threat to modern
medicine. Effective prevention strategies are urgently required to slow the emergence and …

Drug-resistant bacteria pose a serious threat to human health worldwide. Current antibiotics
are losing efficacy and new antimicrobial agents are urgently needed. Living organisms are …

Antibiotics target essential cellular functions but bacteria can become resistant by acquiring
either exogenous resistance genes or chromosomal mutations. Resistance mutations …

Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA elements that can be found throughout bacteria, as
well as in other domains of life. Nonetheless, the evolutionary processes underlying the …

Interactions between mutations (epistasis) can add substantial complexity to genotype-
phenotype maps, hampering our ability to predict evolution. Yet, recent studies have shown …

Understanding the pattern of epistasis—the non-independence of mutations—is critical for
relating genotype and phenotype. However, the combinatorial complexity of potential …

Antibiotics are the pivotal pillar of contemporary healthcare and have contributed towards its
advancement over the decades. Antibiotic resistance emerged as a critical warning to public …

Understanding the constraints that shape the evolution of antibiotic resistance is critical for
predicting and controlling drug resistance. Despite its importance, however, a systematic …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa exploits intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms to resist
almost every antibiotic used in chemotherapy. Antimicrobial resistance in P. aeruginosa …

The evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria is a major public health concern,
and antibiotic restriction is often implemented to reduce the spread of resistance. These …