The significance of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of chronic illnesses has
increased substantially. The most prominent characteristic of probiotic bacteria is their …

The gut–brain axis (GBA) is a complex bidirectional communication network connecting the
gut and brain. It involves neural, immune, and endocrine communication pathways between …

Neuroinflammation refers to a highly complicated reaction of the central nervous system
(CNS) to certain stimuli such as trauma, infection, and neurodegenerative diseases. This is a …

In humans, the gut microbiota (GM) are known to play a significant role in the metabolism of
nutrients and drugs, immunomodulation, and pathogen defense by inhabiting the …

Recent clinical and pathological evidence has implicated the gut microbiota as an interplay
for regulating human body homeostasis, influencing conditions ranging from cancer and …

The term 'perinatal environment'refers to the period surrounding birth, which plays a crucial
role in brain development. It has been suggested that dynamic communication between the …

Bacteria are known to produce amyloids, proteins characterized by a conserved cross-beta
sheet structure, which exhibit structural and functional similarities to human amyloids. The …

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), the
prevalence of which is rapidly rising due to an aging world population and westernization of …

Metabolic syndrome comprises a group of conditions that collectively increase the risk of
abdominal obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Gut …

Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic bacterium that causes gastritis and gastric carcinoma.
Besides gastric complications its potential link with gut-brain axis disruption and …