We assess the role of direct and indirect effects of coastal environmental drivers (including
the parameters of the carbonate system) on energy expenditure (MR) and body mass (M) of …

Egg capsules of the gastropod Acanthina monodon were maintained during the entire
period of encapsulated development at three temperatures (10, 15, 20° C) and two pCO 2 …

Herbivorous molluscs represent one of the greatest grazing impacts on abundance and
diversity of primary producers in benthic ecosystems. However, the effects of nutritional …

Abstract Ocean Acidification (OA) and Ocean Warming (OW) represent major climate
stressors that may disrupt species interactions. However, despite the knowledge about the …

CO 2-induced ocean acidification and warming pose ecological threats to marine life,
especially calcifying species such as echinoderms, who rely on biomineralization for …

Abstract Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) deliver cold, nutrient-rich waters,
influencing coastal biota from the molecular to the ecosystem level. Although local upwelling …

Upwelling phenomena alter the physical and chemical parameters of the sea's subsurface
waters, producing low levels of temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen, which can seriously …

Abstract urrent understanding of how calcifying organisms respond to externally forced
oceanic and coastal acidification (OCA) is largely based on short-term, controlled laboratory …

Warming and ocean acidification are currently critical global change drivers for marine
ecosystems due to their complex and irreversible effects on the ecology and evolution of …

Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and its absorption across the ocean surface will
alter natural variations in pH and temperature levels, occurring in coastal upwelling …