The fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) family of ligands and receptor tyrosine kinases is required
throughout embryonic and postnatal development and also regulates multiple homeostatic …

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a large family of secretory molecules that act through
tyrosine kinase receptors known as FGF receptors. They play crucial roles in a wide variety …

Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for nonsyndromic orofacial clefts have
identified multiple strongly associated regions, the causal variants are unknown. To address …

Cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) collectively are well known as being amongst the most
common birth defects but we still have difficulty explaining why the majority of cases occur …

Diverse signaling cues and attendant proteins work together during organogenesis,
including craniofacial development. Lip and palate formation starts as early as the fourth …

Palatogenesis involves the initiation, growth, morphogenesis, and fusion of the primary and
secondary palatal shelves from initially separate facial prominences during embryogenesis …

Orofacial clefting is considered one of the commonest birth defects worldwide. It presents as
cleft lip only, isolated cleft palate or cleft lip and palate. The condition has a diverse genetic …

The craniofacial skeletal structures that comprise the human head develop from multiple
tissues that converge to form the bones and cartilage of the face. Because of their complex …

The morphogenesis of midfacial processes requires the coordination of a variety of cellular
functions of both mesenchymal and epithelial cells to develop complex structures. Any …

The p53-related gene p63 is required for epithelial cell establishment and its expression is
often altered in tumor cells. Great strides have been made in understanding the pathways …