Complex biological systems in nature comprise cells that act collectively to solve
sophisticated tasks. Synthetic biological systems, in contrast, are designed for specific tasks …

A common research protocol in cognitive neuroscience is to train subjects to perform
deliberately designed experiments while recording brain activity, with the aim of …

Perception or imagination requires top-down signals from high-level cortex to primary visual
cortex (V1) to reconstruct or simulate the representations bottom-up stimulated by the seen …

Graphics processing units (GPUs) contain a significant number of cores relative to central
processing units (CPUs), allowing them to handle high levels of parallelization in …

Top-down generation of neural representations is essential for visual perception and
imagination. In primary visual cortex (V1), top-down mediated extra-classical receptive fields …