Amyloid β protein (Aβ) is the main component of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease
(AD), and its accumulation has been considered as the molecular driver of Alzheimer's …

Neurological diseases continue to increase in prevalence worldwide. Combined with the
lack of modifiable risk factors or strongly efficacious therapies, these disorders pose a …

Since its discovery over 100 years ago, insulin has been recognized as a key hormone in
control of glucose homeostasis. Deficiencies of insulin signaling are central to diabetes and …

Intermittent fasting (IF) has been studied for its effects on lifespan and the prevention or
delay of age-related diseases upon the regulation of metabolic pathways. Mitochondria …

The brain is one of the most energy-consuming organs in the body. Satisfying such energy
demand requires compartmentalized, cell-specific metabolic processes, known to be …

Central response to insulin is suspected to be defective in Alzheimer's disease. As most
insulin is secreted in the bloodstream by the pancreas, its capacity to regulate brain …

Intranasal insulin (INI) has shown promise as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in
pilot clinical trials. In a recent phase 2 trial, participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) …

Insulin is a peptide well known for its role in regulating glucose metabolism in peripheral
tissues. Emerging evidence from human and animal studies indicate the multifactorial role of …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a global concern and has become a major public health event
affecting human health. Insulin is a metabolic hormone secreted mainly by the peripheral …

Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability and is
strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain insulin resistance greatly …