This article is based on a consensus conference, promoted and supported by the
International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN), which took place in Siena (Italy) …

We describe a routine to precisely localize cortical muscle representations within the primary
motor cortex with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) based on the functional relation …

Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques (NiBS) have gathered substantial interest in the
study of dementia, considered their possible role in help defining diagnostic biomarkers of …

Mental health disorders and substance use disorders are a leading cause of morbidity and
mortality worldwide, and one of the most important challenges for public health systems …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies have shown that cortico-cortical paired
associative stimulation (ccPAS) can strengthen connectivity between the ventral premotor …

Introduction The ability to deploy transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) at home is a
key usability advantage to support scaling for pivotal clinical trials. We have established a …

The understanding of the brain functioning in the real world is the next frontier: discovering
its operational principles, architectural design, and internal mechanisms are attributed as a …

Ever since the dawn of antiquity, people have strived to improve their cognitive abilities.
From the advent of the wheel to the development of artificial intelligence, technology has …

Background: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) morbidity is not restricted to the
respiratory system, but also affects the nervous system. Non-invasive neuromodulation may …

Aging is commonly associated with a decline in motor control and neural plasticity. Tuning
cortico–cortical interactions between premotor and motor areas is essential for controlling …