The outer body surface of animals is complex and appears in a variety of forms from moist or
slimy, dry, soft, and leathery to hard, horny, or bony. The skin is often equipped with devices …

This review gives a historical perspective, summarizing approximately 25 years of research
on opioids. The “typical” opioid peptides produced in the brain,“atypical” opioids encrypted …

Opioids are effective analgesics, but their use is beset by serious side effects, including
addiction and respiratory depression, which contribute to the ongoing opioid crisis. The …

Activation of the μ-opioid receptor (μOR) is responsible for the efficacy of the most effective
analgesics. To shed light on the structural basis for μOR activation, here we report a 2.1 Å X …

Opioid receptors mediate the actions of endogenous and exogenous opioids on many
physiological processes, including the regulation of pain, respiratory drive, mood, and—in …

The opioid receptor family comprises three members, the µ-, δ-and κ-opioid receptors, which
respond to classical opioid alkaloids such as morphine and heroin as well as to …

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged to a
pandemic and caused global public health crisis. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 …

Human angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) is a zinc
metalloprotease whose closest homolog is angiotensin I-converting enzyme. To begin to …

Members of the opioid receptor family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are found
throughout the peripheral and central nervous system, where they have key roles in …

THE ORL1 receptor, an orphan receptor whose human1and murine2-8 complementary
DNAs have recently been characterized, structurally resembles opioid receptors and is …