Relatively little is known about factors that modulatein vivolower vertebrate phagocyte
responses, particularly in fish. In this study we report that head-kidney leucocytes from the …

We previously demonstrated that the principal component of capsular material of
Cryptococcus neoformans, glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), induces interleukin-10 (IL-10) …

Influenza A virus (IAV) infects millions of people annually and predisposes to secondary
bacterial infections. Inhalation of fungi within the Cryptococcus complex causes pulmonary …

Despite appropriate antifungal treatment, the management of cryptococcal disease remains
challenging, especially in immunocompromised patients, such as human immunodeficiency …

Penicillium marneffei is one of the most important opportunistic infectious pathogens in AIDS
patients in Thailand and Southeast Asia. However, very little is known about the host …

Dendritic cells (DC) can be divided into three subsets, Langerhans cells, myeloid DC (MDC),
and lymphoid DC (LDC), based upon phenotypic and functional differences. We …

Background: Immune modulation may improve outcome in HIV-associated cryptococcal
meningitis. Animal studies suggest alternatively activated macrophages are detrimental but …

Cryptococcus neoformans is one of the leading causes of invasive fungal infection in
humans worldwide. C. neoformans uses macrophages as a proliferative niche to increase …

Early inflammatory responses, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, and cytokine
profiles were studied in mice infected by the pulmonary route with either a highly virulent …

Mice immunized with two different cryptococcal antigen preparations, one a soluble culture
filtrate antigen (CneF) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and the other heat-killed …