Glaciers and ice sheets, like other biomes, occupy a significant area of the planet and
harbour biological communities with distinct interactions and feedbacks with their physical …

Antarctica plays a central role in regulating global climatic and oceanographic patterns and
is an integral part of global climate change discussions. The functioning of Antarctica's …

Geological evidence indicates that grounded ice sheets reached sea level at all latitudes
during two long-lived Cryogenian (58 and≥ 5 My) glaciations. Combined uranium-lead and …

Background Cyanobacteria are major primary producers in extreme cold ecosystems. Many
lineages of cyanobacteria thrive in these harsh environments, but it is not fully understood …

The global cryosphere, Earth's frozen water, is in precipitous decline. The ongoing and
predicted impacts of cryosphere loss are diverse, ranging from disappearance of entire …

Oxidative stress is common consequence of abiotic stress in plants as well as cyanobacteria
caused by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an inevitable product of respiration …

Cyanobacteria dominate microbiota in ice-based habitats and contend with extreme
fluctuation in temperature and lack of liquid water, which poses severe limitations (freezing …

Clues to the evolutionary steps producing innovations in oxygenic photosynthesis may be
preserved in the genomes of organisms phylogenetically placed between non …

Although Antarctica was once believed to be a sterile environment, it is now clear that the
microbial communities inhabiting the Antarctic continent are surprisingly diverse. Until the …

Protection of Antarctica's biodiversity and ecosystem values is enshrined in the Protocol on
Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, which provides for the designation of …