Chronic pain affects approximately one-fifth of people worldwide and reduces quality of life
and in some cases, working ability. Ion channels expressed along nociceptive pathways …

Nucleosides and purine nucleotides serve as transmitter and modulator agents that extend
their functions beyond the cell. In this context, purinergic signaling plays a crucial role in …

Cutleaf groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.), an annual plant containing a variety of active
ingredients, has great medicinal value. However, studies on the genetic diversity and …

P2X7R is a purinergic receptor with broad expression throughout the body, especially in
immune system cells. P2X7R activation causes inflammatory mediators to release, including …

Resistance to antimalarial medicine remains a threat to the global effort for malaria
eradication. The World Health Organization recently reported that artemisinin partial …

Anti-inflammatory agents can be synthetic or natural compounds and are often used to
attenuate different levels of inflammation. Inflammatory diseases, due to the involvement of …

Abstract Background The P2× 7 receptor (P2× 7R) is known to play a significant role in
regulating various pathological processes associated with immune regulation …

Purinergic receptors are transmembrane proteins responsive to extracellular nucleotides
and are expressed by several cell types throughout the human body. Among all identified …

ATP acts in the extracellular environment as an important signal, activating a family of
receptors called purinergic receptors. In recent years, interest in the potential therapeutics of …

There are numerous medicinal benefits from herbal plants, with many herbal medicines
being used as 'Jamu','standardized herbal medicines' and phytopharmaceuticals. Physalis …