Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a collective term for nanoscale or microscale vesicles
secreted by cells that play important biological roles. Mesenchymal stem cells are a class of …

Wound healing is a complex and prolonged process that remains a significant challenge in
clinical practice. Exosomes, a type of nanoscale extracellular vesicles naturally secreted by …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disabling joint disease with no effective disease
modifying drugs. Extracellular vesicles released by several types of mesenchymal stem cells …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bound particles derived from their original cells, which
play critical roles in intercellular communication through their cargoes, including protein …

Emerging infectious diseases like coronavirus pneumonia (COVID‐19) present significant
challenges to global health, extensively affecting both human society and the economy …

Liver fibrosis is a process of over‐extracellular matrix (ECM) aggregation and angiogenesis,
which develops into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With the increasing …

Autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis and plays a crucial role in managing pathological
conditions including ischemic myocardial injury leading to heart failure (HF). Despite …

Addressing significant medical challenges arising from tissue damage and organ failure, the
field of tissue engineering has evolved to provide revolutionary approaches for regenerating …

Exosomes, which are small vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer and released by many cell
types, are widely dispersed and have garnered increased attention in the field of …

Photoreceptor apoptosis is an important pathogenesis of retinal degeneration and a primary
cause of vision loss with limited treatment methods. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells …