Simple Summary In recent years, numerous general and specific reviews about
photodynamic therapy and related subtopics have been published. The diversity of reviews …

The complexity, diversity, and heterogeneity of tumors seriously undermine the therapeutic
potential of treatment. Therefore, the current trend in clinical research has gradually shifted …

An ideal cancer treatment should not only destroy primary tumors but also improve the
immunogenicity of the tumor microenvironment to achieve a satisfactory anti‐tumor immune …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) acts as a moving organelle with many important cellular
functions. As the ER lacks sufficient nutrients under pathological conditions leading to …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved cancer therapy, based on a
photochemical reaction between a light activatable molecule or photosensitizer, light, and …

Hypoxia in a solid tumor microenvironment (TME) can lead to the overexpression of hypoxia-
inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which correlates to tumor metastasis. Reactive oxygen species …

Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy relies on energized cytotoxic T cells attacking tumour
tissue systemically. However, for many cancers, the reliance on T cell infiltration leads to low …

Advanced colorectal cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, with a 5-year survival rate of
only 12% for patients with the metastatic disease. Checkpoint inhibitors, such as the …

Innovative anticancer therapies based on the activation of the immune system offer promise
in the battle against cancers resistant to traditional treatments. Examples of such therapeutic …

Introduction Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a two-step treatment involving the
administration of a photosensitive agent followed by its activation at a specific light …