Pain is a multidimensional experience with sensory-discriminative, affective-motivational,
and cognitive-evaluative components. Pain aversiveness is one principal cause of suffering …

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) orchestrates higher brain function and becomes disrupted in
many mental health disorders. The rodent medial PFC (mPFC) possesses an enormous …

Drug consumption is driven by a drug's pharmacological effects, which are experienced as
rewarding, and is influenced by genetic, developmental, and psychosocial factors that …

Humans require a plethora of higher cognitive skills to perform executive functions, such as
reasoning, planning, language and social interactions, which are regulated predominantly …

Anxiety is experienced in response to threats that are distal or uncertain, involving changes
in one's subjective state, autonomic responses, and behavior. Defensive and physiologic …

The role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) takes center stage among unanswered questions in
modern neuroscience. The PFC has a Janus-faced nature: it enables sophisticated cognitive …

Our understanding of depression and its treatment has advanced with the advent of
ketamine as a rapid-acting antidepressant and the development and refinement of tools …

To compare findings across species, neuroscience relies on cross-species homologies,
particularly in terms of brain areas. For cingulate cortex, a structure implicated in behavioural …

Sensing internal bodily signals, or interoception, is fundamental to maintain life. However,
interoception should not be viewed as an isolated domain, as it interacts with exteroception …

Subdivisions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) evolved at different times. Agranular parts of the
PFC emerged in early mammals, and rodents, primates, and other modern mammals share …