Background Articular cartilage defects are a veritable therapeutic problem because
therapeutic options are very scarce. Due to the poor self-regeneration capacity of cartilage …

Mutations in the COL2A1 gene cause a spectrum of rare autosomal‐dominant conditions
characterized by skeletal dysplasia, short stature, and sensorial defects. An early diagnosis …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a potential source of chondrogenic cells for the
treatment of cartilage disorders, but loss of chondrogenic potential during in vitro expansion …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fundamental component of the tissue of multicellular
organisms that is comprised of an intricate network of multidomain proteins and associated …

Adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) are multipotent cells which, in the presence of
appropriate stimuli, can differentiate into various lineages such as the osteogenic …

Biomaterial microparticles are commonly utilized as growth factor delivery vehicles to induce
chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). To address …

Cartilage healing by tissue engineering is an alternative strategy to reconstitute functional
tissue after trauma or age-related degeneration. However, chondrocytes, the major player in …

Intermuscular bone (IB) is a hard-boned spicule exist in lower teleost, which brings a lot of
detrimental effects on palatability and economic value of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama …

Articular cartilage is a specialized connective tissue containing chondrocytes embedded in a
network of extracellular macromolecules such as type II collagen and presents poor capacity …

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 are
multifunctional cytokines both proposed as stimulants for cartilage repair. Thus it is crucial to …