Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and progressive disease leading to right
heart failure and ultimately death if untreated. The first classification of PH was proposed in …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has a multifactorial pathobiology. Vasoconstriction,
remodeling of the pulmonary vessel wall, and thrombosis contribute to increased pulmonary …

Heme oxygenases are composed of two isozymes, Hmox1 and Hmox2, that catalyze the
degradation of heme to carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron, and biliverdin, the latter of …

Rationale: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by excessive proliferation
and apoptosis resistance in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Objective: We …

Rationale: Despite improved understanding of the underlying genetics, pulmonary arterial
hypertension (PAH) remains a severe disease. Extensive remodeling of small pulmonary …

Vascular remodeling in chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension includes marked
fibroproliferative changes in the pulmonary artery (PA) adventitia. Although resident PA …

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is pathogenetically related to low levels of
the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO). Because NO regulates cellular respiration and …

Primary cardiac involvement, which develops as a direct consequence of systemic sclerosis
(SSc), may manifest as myocardial damage, fibrosis of the conduction system, pericardial …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a fatal disease of unknown etiology characterized by
impaired regulation of pulmonary hemodynamics and vascular growth, is associated with …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex disease that causes significant
morbidity and mortality and is clinically characterized by an increase in pulmonary vascular …