Understanding of the evolved biological function of sleep has advanced considerably in the
past decade. However, no equivalent understanding of dreams has emerged. Contemporary …

Newly encoded memory traces are spontaneously reactivated during sleep. Since their
discovery in the 1990s, these memory reactivations have been discussed as a potential …

While recent neurocognitive theories have proposed links between dreams and waking life,
it remains unclear what kinds of waking thoughts are most similar in their phenomenological …

The link between dreams and creativity has been a topic of intense speculation. Recent
scientific findings suggest that sleep onset (known as N1) may be an ideal brain state for …

The hippocampus is linked with both sleep and memory, but there is debate about whether a
salient aspect of sleep–dreaming–requires its input. To address this question, we …

Abstract Information processing during sleep is active, ongoing and accessible to
engineering. Protocols such as targeted memory reactivation use sensory stimuli during …

Contributions of specific sleep stages to cognitive processes are increasingly understood.
Non-REM sleep is particularly implicated in episodic memory consolidation, whilst REM …

Sleep facilitates memory consolidation through offline reactivations of memory traces.
Dreaming may play a role in memory improvement and may reflect these memory …

The frequent appearance of newly learned information in dreams suggests that dream
content is influenced by memory consolidation. Many studies have tested this hypothesis by …

In general, dreams are a novel but realistic simulation of waking social life, with a mixture of
characters, motivations, scenarios, and positive and negative emotions. We propose that the …