Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disease of still poorly understood
molecular etiology. Extensive studies at different molecular levels point to a high complexity …

Nearly half a century has passed since the discovery of cytoplasmic inheritance of human
chloramphenicol resistance. The inheritance was then revealed to take place maternally by …

Abstract Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is activated in chronic inflammatory states,
eg, in the aging process and age-related diseases. IDO1 enzyme catabolizes L-tryptophan …

Neurological and psychiatric disorders are a category of chronic diseases that are
widespread and pose serious mental and physical health problems for patients. The …

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Several
risk factors including unhealthy lifestyle, genetic background, obesity, diabetes …

Parkinson's disease is a chronic neuropathy characterised by the formation of Lewy bodies
(misfolded alpha-synuclein) in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and other parts …

Tryptophan (TRP) is an essential dietary amino acid that, unless otherwise committed to
protein synthesis, undergoes metabolism via the Tryptophan-Kynurenine (TRP-KYN) …

There are several hypotheses concerning the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of
major depression, which centre largely around adaptive changes in neuronal transmission …

Neurodegeneration is characterized by a disturbance in neurotransmitter-mediated
signaling pathways. Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of transition metal …

The central nervous system (CNS) is the final frontier in drug delivery because of the blood–
brain barrier (BBB), which poses significant barriers to the access of most drugs to their …